Microwave Engineering

Syllabus, Class roll

 

Class: Wed = lecture, Fri = review/pre-study(RP), simulation(SIM)

Grading policy:

     5th-week exam (20%): 4/11

     10th-week exam (20%): 5/9

     15th-week exam (20%): 6/13

     Lab (15%)

     Homework (16%)

     Class attendance (10%)

 

Week-01: Chapter 1 Introduction

Lecture note

Note supplement: What is microwave engineering?

- Technologies for utilizing high frequency (> 1MHz) electrical signals

- Components > circuits and modules > subsystems > systems > products > industry > economy > country > world

 

Lab-01:

Explain the following.

     1. The performance of the 5G mobile communication. List the frequency allocated for 5G mobile communication.

     2. What is the AESA radar used in the F-35 stealth aircraft. List the performance of the AESA radar of the F-35 aircraft.

 

Week-02: Chapter 2 Review of Waves and Transmission Lines

Lecture note

Lab02 - Microstrip line and coaxial cable design

 

Week-03: Chapter 3 Antenna Systems

 Textbook chapter

 

Homework-03 (due 3/29), Solutions

1. Draw the structure of a rectangular horn antenna.

2. An isotropic antenna radiates 10 mW power.

     1) Find the power density at 100 m away from the radiator.

     2) Find the magnitude of the electric field.

     3) Find the magnitude of the magnetic field.

3. An antenna has reflection coefficient of -6 dB. Find the VSWR and the reflected power relative to the incident power.

4. An antenna has gain of 2 dB at 2.4 GHz. Find the effective area (m2) of the antenna.

5. A Bluetooth module transmits a total of 10 mW at 2.4 GHz with a 2-dB gain antenna.

     1) Find the power density at 10 m away from the transmitting antenna.

     2) The 2-dB gain receiver antenna is at 10 m away from the transmitting antenna. Find the received power.

 

Week 04: Chapter 4 Various Components and Their System Parameters

Textbook chapter

Lab04 - Microstrip line analysis

 

Homework-04 (due 4/5), Solutions

1. What is an MMIC?

2. Draw a circuit symbol for a circulator.

3. Draw a schematic for a microstrip 90¡Æ (quadrature) hybrid coupler on 50-ohm line base. Specify line lengths and characteristic impedances. Give ideal values of |S11|, |S21|, |S31|, |S41| in dB.

4. Draw a schematic for a microstrip Wilkinson power divider. Specify line lengths and characteristic impedances. Give ideal values of |S11|, |S21|, |S31|, |S23|, |S22| in dB.

5. Draw a parallel R, L, C resonator circuit. Give formulas for the resonant frequency f0 and the quality factor Q0.

6. Draw a schematic for a through-type microstrip ring resonator on 50-ohm line base. Specify line lengths and characteristic impedances. Give a qualitative graph in dB for |S21|.

7. Draw a schematic for a three-section LC band-pass filter.

8. Draw a block diagram of an RF transceiver comprising of a transmitter, a receiver, a diplexer, and an antenna.

9. What is the microwave detector?

10. What is the microwave isolator?

11. What is the mixer and the down converter?

12. What is the SPDT switch?

 

Week-05: Chapter 5 Receiver System Parameters

Textbook chapter

Lab05a - Noise figure calculation

Lab05b - Microstrip quarter-wave transformer

 

Homework-05: Due 4/12, Solutions

1. Explain the principles of operation of the radio receiver shown in Fig 5.1

2. What is the sensitivity of a receiver?

3. Calculate the room-temperature (290 K) thermal noise power at the output of a bandpass filter with center frequency of 900 MHz and bandwidth of 10 MHz.

4. For the  two-stage amplifier shown below, calculate

     a) the noise figure

     b) the noise temperature

     c) the output SNR when the input SNR is 12 dB.

5. Convert -85 dBm power into power in watt.

6. A receiver system operates at 200 MHz with the receiving bandwidth of 1 MHz. The noise floor is governed by the thermal noise. Input signal level at 1-dB compression point is -10 dBm.

     a) Find the MDS of the receiver.

     b) Find the dynamic range of the receiver.

 

Week-06: Test #1, Lab-05b continued

 

Week-07: Chapter 6 Transmitter and Oscillator Systems

Textbook chapter

Lecture note

Lab06 - Microstrip directional coupler

 

Homework-07: Due 4/25

1. Draw a block diagram of a radio-frequency (RF) transmitter.

2. List four important performance parameters of an RF transmitter.

3. What is dBc/Hz in the spectrum of an oscillator.

4. List four types of noise in an oscillator.

5. What happens if a transmitter has too much phase noise.

6. What is the IM3 products in a power amplifier. Why is it important?

7. What is the stability of a typical crystal oscillator?

8. Explain the operating principles of a phase-locked oscillator in Fig. 6.16.

9. Explain the operating principles of a frequency synthesizer in Fig. 6.19.

 

Week-08, Lecture break for self study

 

Week-09: Chapter 7 Radar and Sensor Systems

Textbook chapter

Radar applications

Lecture note

Lab07 - Microstrip T-junction power divider

 

Homework-08: Due 5/9

A monostatic radar with following parameters

(Note: A monostatic radar uses the same antenna for transmission and reception.)

Transmitter frequency: 300 MHz

Transmitter power: 100 kW

Range (the distance from the radar to a target): 10 km

Target radar cross section: 0.1 m2 (stealth aircraft)

Target speed: 700 m/s (Mach 2.06) flying in the line of sight toward the radar

Antenna gain: 20 dB

 

1. Find the received power.

2. Find the Doppler frequency.

3. The delay time between the transmitted pulse and the received pulse.

 

For a continuous-wave (CW) Doppler radar,

4. Draw a block diagram.

5. Explain the theory of operation.

 

For a frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radar,

6. Draw graphs of the transmitted signal frequency and the received signal frequency versus time.

7. Explain the theory of the target velocity measurement.

9. Explain the theory of the target range measurement.

 

Week-10: Chapter 8 Wireless Communication

Exam 2, Chapters 5 to 7 (5/9)

Textbook chapter

Lecture note

Lab08 - Microstrip quadrature hybrid coupler

 

Homework-10

1. Find the output SNR at the receiver

Tx: power = 1 kW, antenna gain = 38 dB

Tx-Rx distance: 37,000 km

Transmission loss (system loss): -10 dB

Rx: antenna gain = 55 dB, noise figure = 4 dB, receiver bandwidth = 10 MHz

 

2. Explain the theory of operation of the satellite communication earth station terminal.

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2. Explain the theory of operation of the satellite communication transponder shown below.

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Week-11: Chapter 9 Modulation and Demodulation

Textbook chapter

Lecture note

Lab09 - Microstrip ring hybrid coupler

 

Homework-11

1. What is the modulation index in AM and FM modulations?

2. Explain the Nyquist sampling theorem.

3. What is the PCM?

4. Explain the principles of the IQ modulator.

5. What is the bandwidth efficiency (= spectrum efficiency)? What is the theoretical spectrum efficiency of a 64-QAM system?

 

Week-12:

Chapter 10 Multiple Access

Textbook chapter

Lecture note

 

Homework-12

Describe the operating principles of the following multiple access techniques

1. FDMA

2. TDMA

3. FHSS

4. DSSS

 

Chapter 11 Wireless Systems

Textbook chapter

Lecture Note

1. Explain the operating principles of GPS

2. Why do you use four GPS satellite signals for position fix.

3. Explain the operating principles of RFID.

 

Week-14: Exam 3, Chapters 8 to 11 (6/7)

 

Week-15: Study week break

 

CST Studio Lab

Lab04 - Microstrip line

Lab05b - Microstrip quarter-wave transformer

Lab06 - Microstrip directional coupler

Lab07 - Microstrip T-junction power divider

Lab08 - Microstrip quadrature hybrid coupler

Lab09 - Ring hybrid coupler

Lab10 - Waveguide open end radiator

Lab11 - Waveguide magic T junction