½ÇÇè09 - ÁøÆøº¯Á¶È¸·Î
I. ÀÌ·Ð
1. ÁøÆøº¯Á¶
¤· º¯Á¶(modulation): ¹Ý¼ÛÆÄ(carrier) ½ÅÈ£¸¦ º¯È½ÃÄѼ Àü¼ÛÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÏ´Â ½ÅÈ£¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© ¹Ý¼ÛÆÄ(Á¤ÇöÆÄ) ½ÅÈ£ÀÇ Æз¯¹ÌÅÍ(ÁøÆø, ÁÖÆļö, À§»ó)À» º¯È
- ÁøÆøº¯Á¶(AM): Àü¼ÛÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÏ´Â ½ÅÈ£¿¡ ºñ·ÊÇÏ¿© ¹Ý¼ÛÆÄ(carrier) ½ÅÈ£ÀÇ ÁøÆø(Å©±â)¸¦ º¯È
- ÁÖÆļöº¯Á¶(FM): Àü¼ÛÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÏ´Â ½ÅÈ£¿¡ ºñ·ÊÇÏ¿© ¹Ý¼ÛÆÄ(carrier) ½ÅÈ£ÀÇ ÁÖÆļö¸¦ º¯È
- À§»óº¯Á¶(PM): Àü¼ÛÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÏ´Â ½ÅÈ£¿¡ ºñ·ÊÇÏ¿© ¹Ý¼ÛÆÄ(carrier) ½ÅÈ£ÀÇ À§»óÀ» º¯È
2. ÁøÆøº¯Á¶ ±âÃÊ
: ¹Ý¼ÛÆÄ(carrier wave)
: º¯Á¶(modulating) ½ÅÈ£
: ÁøÆøµÈ ½ÅÈ£(AM signal)
º¯Á¶µµ(modulation index):
AM½ÅÈ£ÀÇ ÁÖÆļö ½ºÆåÆ®·³
A=1, M/2=10-12.19/10= 0.06, M=0.12,
depth of modulation = 12%
¹Ý¼ÛÆÄ Àü·Â:
Ãø´ëÆÄ(sideband)¿¡ ½Ç·Á ÀÖ´Â Àü·Â:
ÃÑÀü·Â:
ÃÑÀü·Â ´ë ¹Ý¼ÛÆÄ Àü·ÂºñÀ²:
¼ø½Ã ÃÖ´ëÀü¾Ð:
¼ø½Ã ÃÖ´ëÀü·Â:
MÀÇ ÃÖ´ë°ª 1 ¡æ Ãø´ëÆÄ¿¡ ½Ç·Á ÀÖ´Â Àü·Â ÃÖ´ë 1/6 ¡æ Ãø´ëÆÄ¿¡ ½ÅÈ£¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¸ðµç Á¤º¸°¡ ÀÖÀ½. ¡æ Àüü Àü·ÂÀÇ 16.7%¸¸ À־ Á¤º¸°¡ Àü´ÞµÊ.
¿¹: ¹Ý¼ÛÆÄ Àü·Â 400W, 100% AM º¯Á¶ ¡æ »óÃø´ëÆÄ 100W, ÇÏÃø´ëÆÄ 100W, ¹Ý¼ÛÆÄ 400W, ÃÑ 600W
3. AM º¯Á¶ ¿ëµµ
¤· ¾ç¹æÇâ ¶óµð¿À(¹«Àü±â)
¤· VHF Ç×°ø À½¼ºÅë½Å
¤· ¾Æ¸¶Ãß¾î ¹«¼±Åë½Å(citizens band radio)
¤· AM ¶óµð¿À ¹æ¼Û(mediumwave AM radio broadcasting)
ÀåÆÄ(long wave): 148.5-283.5kHz, 9kHz ä³Î°£°Ý. À¯·´, ¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä«, ¾Æ½Ã¾Æ ÀϺÎÁö¿ª(ITU R1)
ÁßÆÄ(medium wave): 520-1610kHz, 9/10kHz ä³Î°£°Ý, ÁßÆÄÈ®Àå´ë¿ª 1610-1710kHz (ITU R2) ´ÜÆÄ(short wave): 1.711-30.0MHz, 5kHz ä³Î°£°Ý
¤· ÁßÆÄ ¶óµð¿À ¹æ¼Û
¼Û½ÅÃâ·Â: 0.25-50kW
¿ø½ÅÈ£ ´ë¿ªÆø: 40Hz-10.2kHz (À½¾Ç¹æ¼Û), 40Hz-5kHz (ºñÀ½¾Ç¹æ¼Û)
¼ö½Å±â ½ÅÈ£´ë ÀâÀ½ºñ: 50dB
4. AM º¯Á¶ Á¾·ù
¤· DSB-AM(double sideband amplitude modulated):
carrier spectrum + LSB(lower sideband) + USB(upper sideband). full wave ½ÅÈ£¶ó°íµµ ÇÔ. ¼ö½Å±â¸¦ ½±°Ô ±¸ÇöÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÁßÆÄ(0.5-1.5MHz) ¶óµð¿À ¹æ¼Û¿¡ »ç¿ë
¤· DSB-SC(DSB suppressed carrier)
- ÆòÇüº¯Á¶±â(balanced modulator)¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© º¯Á¶.
- º¹Á¶°¡ ¾î·Á¿ì¹Ç·Î ³Î¸® »ç¿ëµÇÁö´Â ¾Ê´Â´Ù.
- »ç¿ë ¿¹: ¾Æ³¯·Î±× TV ¹æ¼Û¿¡¼ »öÁ¤º¸ Àü¼Û. FM ¹æ¼Û°ú TV ¹æ¼Û¿¡¼ ½ºÅ×·¹¿À À½¼º ¼ÛÃâ
¤· SSB-SC(single sideband suppressed carrier) = SSSC:
no carrier spectrum + LSB or USB.
- ¹Ý¼ÛÆÄ´Â ½ÅÈ£Á¤º¸¸¦ ´ã°í ÀÖÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸ç µÎ Ãø´ëÆÄ Áß ¾î´À ÇÑÂÊ Ãø´ëÆĸ¸ À־ Á¤º¸Àü¼Û °¡´É
- AM ¿ø½ÅÈ£´Â »óÃø´ëÆÄ, ÇÏÃø´ëÆÄ, ¹Ý¼ÛÆÄ·Î ±¸¼ºµÈ ´ÙÁß½ÅÈ£ÀÌ´Ù. 50MHz ÀÌÇÏÀÇ ÁÖÆļö¿¡¼´Â À̵éÀÌ ÀÌ¿ÂÃþ°ú ´ë±â±Ç »óÃþºÎ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¾à°£ ´Ù¸£°Ô ¿µÇâÀ» ¹Þ¾Æ¼ Á÷Á¢ÆÄ¿Í ¹Ý»çÆÄ°¡ °£¼·À» ÀÏÀ¸Å²´Ù(selective fading). SSBÀÇ °æ¿ì selective fadingÀÇ ¿µÇâÀÌ ¾ø´Ù.
- PEP(peak
envelope power): º¯Á¶½ÅÈ£ÀÇ ÁøÆøÀÌ °¡Àå Ŭ °æ¿ìÀÇ SSB ½ÅÈ£ÀÇ Àü·Â.
- PEP´Â AM ¼Û½Å±â ÃÖÁ¾ ÁõÆø´ÜÀÇ DC supply voltage¿Í peak current·ÎºÎÅÍ ±¸ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
- Æò±ÕÀü·Â: À½¼º½ÅÈ£ÀÇ °æ¿ì PEP´Â À½¼º ¿ø½ÅÈ£°¡ °¡Àå Ŭ ¶§ ¹ß»ý. º¸Åë Æò±ÕÀü·ÂÀº PEPÀÇ 1/4-1/3 ¼öÁØ
- Ãø´ëÆÄ 1°³ »ç¿ë. ¼ö½Å±â°¡ º¹ÀâÇÏ°í °í°¡. ¼Û½Å±â Ãâ·ÂÀ» Å©°Ô ÁÙÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖÀ½. ¼±¹Ú-Çغ¯(ship-to-shore) Åë½Å µî Á¡´ëÁ¡ Åë½Å¿¡ »ç¿ë. ÀÌ °æ¿ì Åë½Å ÀåÄ¡¸¶´Ù ¼Û½Å±â¿Í ¼ö½Å±â 1°³°¡ »ç¿ëµÊ. ÀÌ °æ¿ì ¼Û½Å±â Ãâ·ÂÀ» ÁÙÀÌ´Â °ÍÀÌ °æÁ¦Àû. ¶ÇÇÑ º¯Á¶½ÅÈ£°¡ ¾øÀ» °æ¿ì(À½¼ºÅëÈ Áß ½¬´Â ºÎºÐ), ¼Û½ÅÃâ·Â 0À̹ǷΠÃÑüÀûÀ¸·Î ÈξÀ È¿À²Àû
- ±âŸ ÀÀ¿ëºÐ¾ß: ¾ç¹æÇâ(two-way) ¹«Àü±â(radio), ±º¿ëÅë½Å, ¾Æ¸¶Ã߾¼±(radio amateurs, hams)
- Pilot
signal: SC-AM ½ÅÈ£ÀÇ º¹Á¶¸¦ ¿ëÀÌÇϱâ À§ÇØ ÀúÃâ·Â ¹Ý¼ÛÆÄ(pilot signal)¸¦ °°ÀÌ Àü¼ÛÇÔ.
¤· VSB(vestigial sideband)
- TV½ÅÈ£: ÃÑ 6MHz ´ë¿ªÆø »ç¿ë(FCC ±ÔÁ¤)
- ¿µ»ó½ÅÈ£: ¿ø½ÅÈ£ ´ë¿ªÆø 4.2MHz, ÁøÆøº¯Á¶. ¹Ý¼ÛÆÄ Àü¼Û. ÇÏÃø´ëÆÄÀÇ ÀϺθ¸ Àü¼ÛÇÏ´Â VSB º¯Á¶ »ç¿ë
- À½¼º½ÅÈ£: FM º¯Á¶
- HDTV(digital TV): multilevel digitally modulated VSB
5. QAM(quadrature amplitude modulation)
- µðÁöÅÐ º¯Á¶¹æ½Ä: Wi-Fi, ±¤¼¶À¯ Åë½Å
- 16-QAM,
64-QAM, 265-QAM (Wi-Fi 5 = 802.11ac), 1024-QAM (Wi-Fi 6 = 802.11ax)
6. ¶óµð¿À ÀüÆÄÇü½ÄÀÇ ºÐ·ù
1) ¹Ì¿¬¹æÅë½ÅÀ§¿øȸ(FCC)
A3a: ÁøÆøº¯Á¶, SSB, 10% ¹Ý¼ÛÆÄ
ù ´ë¹®ÀÚ:
µÎ ¹ø° ¼ýÀÚ:
µÎ ¹ø° ¼ýÀÚ ´ÙÀ½ ¼Ò¹®ÀÚ ¾Æ·¡ ÷ÀÚ
2) ITU(±¹Á¦Àü±âÅë½Å¿¬ÇÕ)
A3F: ÁøÆøº¯Á¶, ¾Æ³¯·Î±× TV
J3E: SSB À½¼º
F2D: FSK µ¥ÀÌÅÍ
G7E: À§»óº¯Á¶, À½¼º, ´ÙÁß½ÅÈ£
7. AM º¯Á¶È¸·Î
1) ´ÙÀÌ¿Àµå ºñ¼±Çü¼º + ´ë¿ªÅë°ú ÇÊÅÍ
2) Æ®·£Áö½ºÅÍ AM º¯Á¶È¸·Î
3) On
Semiconductor MC1496 »ç¿ë
4) Exar XR-2206 IC »ç¿ë
- Function
generator IC
- Waveform,
sweep, AM/FM, V/F conversion, FSK, PLL(VCO)
- Waveform: sine,
square, triangle, ramp, pulse
- ±³Àç ȸ·Î
- ½ÇÇèȸ·Î