½Ç½À-10 Àû¿Ü¼± Åë½Å(IR Communication)

 

I. ½Ç½À

- ¾Æ·¡ ¼Û½Åȸ·Î¸¦ PSpice·Î Çؼ®

VCC = 5V

MOD = 1kHz, 50%, 5V

R1 = 19.53k for 36kHz

R2 = 1k

R3 = 36.5 for D1 operating with 100mA @ 1.35V

C1 = 1n

C2 = 47n

D1 = Vishay TSAL6200 ¡æ1N4002·Î ±³Ã¼

Q3 = 2N2222, ½ºÀ§Ä¡·Î µ¿ÀÛ. 555ÀÇ Ãâ·Â ½ÅÈ£°¡ Q3À» ON/OFF

 

¤· µ¿ÀÛ¿ø¸®

- 555 ŸÀÌ¸Ó 36kHz ÆÞ½ºÆÄÇü ¹ß»ý: 3¹ø ´ÜÀÚ

- µðÁöÅÐ ½ÅÈ£°¡ 36kHz ÆÞ½ºÆÄÇüÀ» ON/OFF: 4¹ø ´ÜÀÚ

- µðÁöÅÐ ½ÅÈ£·Î º¯Á¶µÈ 36kHz ½ÅÈ£´Â Æ®·£Áö½ºÅÍ ½ºÀ§Ä¡ Q3¸¦ ±¸µ¿ÇÏ¿© ´ÙÀÌ¿Àµå(IR ¼Û½Å ´ÙÀÌ¿Àµå TSAL6200À¸·Î ±³Ã¼Çصµ µÊ)¿¡ 555 ŸÀ̸ÓÀÇ Ãâ·ÂÀü¾Ð°ú µ¿ÀÏÇÑ ÆÄÇüÀÇ Àü·ù°¡ È帣°Ô ÇÔ.

- ´ÙÀÌ¿Àµå¿¡ 100mAÀÇ Àü·ù¸¦ È帣°Ô ÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇϹǷΠ555 ŸÀÌ¸Ó Ãâ·Â »ç¿ë ½Ã Àü·ù°¡ ÃæºÐÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ½. µû¶ó¼­ Æ®·£Áö½ºÅÍ ½ºÀ§Ä¡ »ç¿ë

 

- º¯Á¶ÁÖÆļö¿Í ÆÄÇü

     

        

 

- º¸°í¼­ ÀÛ¼º³»¿ë

1) ȸ·Îµµ

2) MOD ½ÅÈ£ÆÄÇü plot

3) ´ÙÀÌ¿Àµå Àü·ùÆÄÇü plot

 

II. ÀÌ·Ð

Âü°í¹®Çå:

SPIE Module 1.8, "Fiber optic telecommunication", in Fundamentals of Photonics, SPIE

 

1. Electromagnetic Spectrum

Radiowave: 100kHz-300GHz

Infrared: 0.75-1000¥ìm (0.3-405THz). Sun's energy at sea level total 1 kW/m2, 527 W/m2 in IR region

    NIR 0.75-3¥ìm

    MIR 3-50 ¥ìm

    FIR 50-300 ¥ìm

    Infrared-A 0.7-1.4 ¥ìm

    Infrared-B: 1.4-3.0 ¥ìm

    Infrared-C 3.0-1000 ¥ìm

 

Visible light: 380-740 nm (405-875THz). Sun's energy at sea level total 1 kW/m2, 445 W/m2 in visible spectrum; red 620-740 nm, orange 590-620 nm, yellow 570-590 nm, green 495-570 nm, cyan 476-495 nm, blue 450-475 nm, violet 380-450 nm.

 

Ultraviolet: 10-740 nm, Sun's energy at sea level total 1 kW/m2, 32 W/m2 in UV region

Ultraviolet C (UVC): 100-280 nm. Sun's UVC hardly reaches the Earth's surface due to atmospheric absorption. Used in germicidal lamps.

¡¤       Ultraviolet B (UVB : 280-315 nm. Greatly absorbed by the atmosphere, and along with UVC is responsible for the photochemical reaction leading to the production of the ozone layer.

¡¤       Ultraviolet A (UVA): 315-400 nm. Traditionally held as less damaging to the DNA, and hence used in tanning and PUVA therapy for psoriasis.

 

X-rays: 0.01-10 nm (120 eV - 120 keV). Artificially produced a vacuum tube (X-ray tube).

Cathode emits electrons into vacuum. Anode collects electrons. A flow of electrons (electrical current, beam) created in the tube.

High voltage power source (30-150 kV) connected across cathode and anode to accelerate the electrons. The X-ray spectrum depends on the anode material and the accelerating voltage.

 

Soft x- ray 0.12-10 keV:

Hard x-ray 10-120 keV: can penetrate solids, liquids, all uncompressed gases. Used in diagnostic radiography and crystallography

Gamma rays: 10-100,000 nm

Cosmic rays: Energetic charged subatomic particles, originating in outer space. Cosmic rays may broadly be divided into two categories: primary and secondary. The cosmic rays that originate from astrophysical sources are primary cosmic rays; these primary cosmic rays interact with interstellar matter creating secondary cosmic rays. The Sun also emits low energy cosmic rays associated with solar flares. Almost 90% of cosmic rays are protons, about 9% are helium nuclei (alpha particles) and nearly 1% are electrons.

 

2. Infrared Spectrum Usage

NIR(0.74-1¥ìm): material = SiO2, telecommunication

SWIR(1-3¥ìm): material = InGaAs, PbS, remote sensing

MWIR(3-5¥ìm): material = InSb, PbSe, PtSi, HgCdTe, high-temperature thermal imaging (indoors, scientific)

LWIR(8-14¥ìm): material = HgCdTe, ambient temperature imaging (outdoors, industrial)

VLWIR(14-1000¥ìm): material = spectrometry, astronomy

 

1) Fiber optic communication

http://www.rroij.com/articles-images/IJAREEIE-2266-g001.gif

Figure: Optical fiber transmission window [IJAREEIE]

 

http://www.infocellar.com/networks/fiber-optics/files/fiber-distances.gif

Figure: Optical fiber communication distances [InfoCellar]

 

http://www.ad-net.com.tw/wp-content/uploads/2006/06/single-mode-vs-multimode-FIBERS.jpghttp://www.cables-solutions.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/size.jpg

Figure: Optical fiber modes for communication [Ad-Net]

 

Figure: Types of fibers for optical communication

 

2) Night Vision

- IR illumination or no illumination, cooled/uncooled detectors, color/gray-scale image

 

boat dock http://www.imaging1.com/thermal/IR_0160.gif

3) Military imaging and homing/tracking

4) Thermal imaging (industrial/medical)

5) Short-range wireless communication

6) IR spectroscopy

FTIR spectrometer (FT = Fourier transform), mostly based on absorption. Molecules absorb specific frequencies (resonant frequencies), where the absorbed radiatio matches frequencies of the bond or group that vibrates.

 

http://www.chem.ucla.edu/~webspectra/irintro1.gif

 

7) Radio astronomy (for object obscured by stellar dusts)

 

3. IR Atmospheric Transmission

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/Atmosfaerisk_spredning.gif

 

4. IR Sources

1) Quantum cascade laser: 4-17 ¥ìm. Mono mode or tunable frequency. Narrow linewidth. Power up to 300 mW. Pulsed 0-2 MHz.

2) Fiber-optic communication

LED: 0.85, 1.31¥ìm

Laser: 1.31, 1.55¥ìm

 

5. IR Detectors

1) Fiber optic detectors

 

 

 

6. Fiber Optic Communication System Design

 

¤· Dispersion

 

 

Modal dispersion

Chromatic dispersion

 

¤· Digital encoding

 

¤· Modulation

Direct modulation

 

External modulation

 

External modulation with Mach-Zehner waveguide interferometer

 

1) Link budget

 

2) Fiber coupling

 

3) Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM)

EDFA(erbium-doped fiber amplifier)

 

 

III. Wireless IR Communication

1. IR ¸®¸ðÄÁ ¼Û¼ö½Å ȸ·Î

Âü°í:   Peter's DIY electronic projects: http://jap.hu/electronic/

1) IR ¸®¸ðÄÁ µ¿ÀÛ¿ø¸®

- Carrier ÁÖÆļö: 32-56kHz·Î IR ´ÙÀÌ¿Àµå º¯Á¶. IR ´ÙÀÌ¿ÀµåÀÇ Àû¿Ü¼±ÀÌ ¼ö½Å ´ÙÀÌ¿Àµå¿¡ ÀÔ»çµÊ.

- 32-56kHz ij¸®¾î ÁÖÆļö¸¦ 1-4kHz OOK º¯Á¶(MOD ½ÅÈ£). 1-4kbps Àü¼Û¼Óµµ

- IR ¼ö½Å±â ĨÀº carrier ÁÖÆļö·Î º¯Á¶µÈ ½ÅÈ£ÀÇ ÁøÆø¸¸ °ËÃâÇÏ¿© Ãâ·Â. º¸Åë MOD¸¦ ¹ÝÀüÇÑ µðÁöÅÐ ½ÅÈ£ Ãâ·Â

- IR ¸®¸ðÄÁ ¼Û¼ö½Å ȸ·Î + ÀÎÄÚ´õ, µðÄÚ´õ, MCU ¡æ IR ¸®¸ðÄÁ

 

(Âü°í) IR ´ÙÀÌ¿Àµå¸¦ 32-56kHz·Î º¯Á¶ÇÏ´Â ÀÌÀ¯: ¿ø µ¥ÀÌÅÍ 1-4kbps µðÁöÅÐ ½ÅÈ£·Î IR ´ÙÀÌ¿Àµå¸¦ º¯Á¶ÇÏ¸é °¨µµ°¡ ³ôÁö ¾ÊÀ½. ¸®¸ðÄÁ »çÀÌ¿¡ °£¼·ÀÌ »ý±è. ij¸®¾î ÁÖÆļö¸¦ ´Ù¸£°Ô ÇÏ¿© ¸®¸ðÄÁ »çÀÌ¿¡ °£¼· ¹æÁö

 

2) IR ¸®ÄÚÄÁ ¼Û¼ö½Å ȸ·Î

 

 

infrared remote control transmitter circuits¿¡ ´ëÇÑ À̹ÌÁö °Ë»ö°á°ú

±×¸²: IR ¸®¸ðÄÁ ȸ·Î

 

R1 = 1k

R2 = 15-22k (15k resistor + 10k potmeter), 32-48kHz

R3 = 15 @ 5VDC, 200mA peak, 35 @ 9VDC, 50 @ 12VDC

C1 = 1n

C2 = 47n

 

- MOD(4)¿¡ TTL µðÁöÅÐ µ¥ÀÌÅÍ ¿¬°á

- ¹ü¿ë ¼Û½Å±â ¼³°è: NE555 »ç¿ë

- ÀúÀü·Â ¼Û½Å±â ¼³°è: ICM7555 (CMOS·Î ±¸ÇöµÈ 555), Quad NAND CD4011¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© gated oscillator ±¸Çö.

- 555: IR LED¸¦ º¯Á¶Çϱâ À§ÇÑ ÆÞ½º ¹ß»ý IC

- R1, R2, C1: 555 IC Ãâ·Â ÁÖÆļö °áÁ¤

          

          

- C2: 555 ICÀÇ 5(CTRL) ´ÜÀÚ termination

- R3: ´ÙÀÌ¿ÀµåÀÇ Àü·ùÁ¦ÇÑ

 

3) 555 ŸÀÌ¸Ó »ç¿ë

 

¤· Çɾƿô

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/555_Pinout.svg/220px-555_Pinout.svg.png

1: GND

2: TRIG. Open ½Ã Àü¾Ð 2Vcc/3ÀÌ µÇ°í Ãâ·Â(3¹ø) low, Vcc/3 ÀÌÇÏÀÏ ¶§ Ãâ·Â high (Vcc-1.7V)

3: OUT. Push-pull type.

4: . Timing ½ÃÀÛÁ¡ ¸®¼Â. 0.7V ÀÌÇÏ°¡ µÇ¸é 555ÀÇ ÀÌ ½ÃÁ¡ºÎÅÍ timing ´Ù½Ã ½ÃÀÛ

5: CTRL. Control access to internal power divider (2Vcc/3 by default). Normally not used. ¹Ì»ç¿ë½Ã 10nF¸¦ CTRL°ú GND »çÀÌ¿¡ ¿¬°á

6: THR. 2Vcc/3º¸´Ù Ŭ °æ¿ì 3¹ø OUT low

7: DIS. Open-collector output. Ä¿ÆнÃÅ͸¦ ÅëÇØ Àü¾Ð¹æÀü °¡´É

8: VCC. 4.5-16V

 

¤· µ¿ÀÛ¸ðµå

Astable(free-running) mode: ¹ßÁø±â. pulse train, logic clock, tone, security alarm, PWM,

Monostable mode: One-shot pulse generator

Bistable (Schimitt trigger) mode: flip-flop.

 

¤· 555¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ ÆÞ½ºÆÄÇü »ý¼º

7(DIS)¹ø ÇÉ Àü¾Ð ÃæÀü: ÃæÀü ½ÃÀÛ ½Ã C Àü¾Ð 0. Vcc·ÎºÎÅÍ Àü¿øÀ» ¹Þ¾Æ R1À» ÅëÇØ ÃæÀü. ÀÌ ¶§ R1¿¡´Â 555 ICÀÇ 7¹ø ÇÉ ´ÜÀÚ¿Í (R2 + C)°¡ º´·Ä·Î ¿¬°áµÇ¾î ÀÖÀ½.

7(DIS)¹ø ÇÉ Àü¾Ð ¹æÀü: R2 + C¸¦ ÅëÇØ GND·Î ¹æÀü

6(THR)/2(TRIG) ÇÉ: Ä¿ÆнÃÅÍ Àü¾ÐÀÌ ÃæÀüµÇ¾î 2Vcc/3¿¡ µµ´ÞÇϸé OUT = low. ¹æÀüµÇ¾î Vcc/3¿¡ µµ´ÞÇϸé OUT = high

ÃæÀü/¹æÀü ½ÃÁ¤¼ö¸¦ Á¶Á¤ÇÏ¿© ¹ßÁø ÁÖÆļö¸¦ Á¶Á¤ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

 

 

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/555_Astable_Diagram.svg/220px-555_Astable_Diagram.svg.png https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/83/NE555_Astable_Waveforms_fr.png

 

 

 

4) Àû¿Ü¼± LED

¤· Vishay TSAL6200

IR LED

72mW/sr @ 100mA, ¡¾17¨¬, 940nm, 15ns rise time

1.35V, 100mA

 

 

±×¸²: 1) Vishay TSAL6200ÀÇ Àü¾Ð-Àü·ù Ư¼º, 2) Vishay 1N4001 Á¤·ù ´ÙÀÌ¿Àµå Àü¾Ð-Àü·ù Ư¼º

 

5) Àû¿Ü¼± ¼ö½Å±â

¤· Vishay TSOP324xx Series

- 0.08-45m with TSAL6200 IR diode

- 2.5-5.5V/ 0.45mA, 30-56kHz (depending on type), 0.08mW/m2-30W/m2 irradiance

- xx: modulation frequency in kHZ

- Used with long burst codes (AGC4); RC-5, RC-6, Panasonic, NEC, Sharp, r-step, Thomson RCA

- Optimized to suppress almost all spurious pulses from energy saving lamps like CFLs.

 

 

±×¸²: Vishay TSOP3xx Àû¿Ü¼± ¼ö½Å Ĩ, 1) Çü»ó, 2) Schematic

 

±×¸²: Vishay Àû¿Ü¼± ¼ö½Å Ĩ TSOP3xx ÀÀ¿ëȸ·Î

 

 

±×¸²: Vishay Àû¿Ü¼± ¼ö½Å Ĩ TSOP3xx. 1) ÁÖÆļö Ư¼º, 2) ÁÖº¯ Àû¿Ü¼± Àü·Â¿¡ µû¸¥ ¼ö½Å °¨µµ


 

±×¸²: Vishay Àû¿Ü¼± ¼ö½Å Ĩ TSOP3xx. ±¤ÀÔ·Â ½ÅÈ£¿Í Ãâ·Â ½ÅÈ£

 

2. IR À½¼ºÅë½Å ȸ·Î

Âü°í¹®Çå: Loker, "Analog communication using infrared transmission", PSU lecture note

¤· Àû¿Ü¼± Åë½Å ½Ç½À

1) ¼Û½Åȸ·Î

- ¾Æ·¡ ȸ·Î¸¦ PSpice·Î ½Ã¹Ä·¹ÀÌ¼Ç Ç϶ó.

ÀÔ·Â Vi : AUDIO·Î Ç¥½ÃµÈ ´ÜÀÚ. 100-20kHz ¹üÀ§ÀÇ Á¤ÇöÆÄ ½ÅÈ£, Å©±â Á¶Á¤ ÇÊ¿ä

Ãâ·Â Io : MLED81¿¡ È帣´Â Àü·ù

 

 

 : ÁÖÆļö ¿µ¿ª Àü´Þ°è¼ö¸¦ 0-30kHz ¹üÀ§¿¡¼­ plotÇ϶ó.

 

2) ¼ö½Åȸ·Î

- MRD821: Àü·ù¿øÀ¸·Î ±³Ã¼, Ii ; 100-20kHz ¹üÀ§ÀÇ Á¤ÇöÆÄ Àü·ù½ÅÈ£, Å©±â Á¶Á¤ ÇÊ¿ä

- ½ºÇÇÄ¿: 8§Ù ÀúÇ×À¸·Î ±³Ã¼, Vo

  : ÁÖÆļö ¿µ¿ª Àü´Þ°è¼ö¸¦ 0-30kHz ¹üÀ§¿¡¼­ plotÇ϶ó.