Frequency Spectrum

[Electromagnetic Spectrum]

Audio frequency: 10Hz-20kHz

Radiowave: 100kHz-300GHz

Infrared: 0.75-1000μm (0.3-405THz). Sun's energy at sea level total 1 kW/m², 527 W/m² in IR region; NIR 0.75-3μm, MIR 3-50 μm, FIR 50-300 μm; Infrared-A 0.7-1.4 μm, Infrared-B: 1.4-3.0 μm, Infrared-C 3.0-1000 μm

Visible light: 380-740 nm (405-875THz). Sun's energy at sea level total 1 kW/m², 445 W/m² in visible spectrum; red 620-740 nm, orange 590-620 nm, yellow 570-590 nm, green 495-570 nm, cyan 476-495 nm, blue 450-475 nm, violet 380-450 nm.

Ultraviolet: 10-740 nm, Sun's energy at sea level total 1 kW/m², 32 W/m² in UV region

Ultraviolet C (UVC): 100-280 nm. Sun's UVC hardly reaches the Earth's surface due to atmospheric absorption. Used in germicidal lamps.

· Ultraviolet B (UVB : 280-315 nm. Greatly absorbed by the atmosphere, and along with UVC is responsible for the photochemical reaction leading to the production of the ozone layer.

· Ultraviolet A (UVA): 315-400 nm. Traditionally held as less damaging to the DNA, and hence used in tanning and PUVA therapy for psoriasis.

X-rays: 0.01-10 nm (120 eV - 120 keV). Artificially produced a vacuum tube (X-ray tube).

Cathode emits electrons into vacuum. Anode collects electrons. A flow of electrons (electrical current, beam) created in the tube.

High voltage power source (30-150 kV) connected across cathode and anode to accelerate the electrons. The X-ray spectrum depends on the anode material and the accelerating voltage.

Gamma rays: 0.01-100 pm

Csmic rays: < 0.1 pm. Energetic charged subatomic particles, originating in outer space. They may produce secondary particles that penetrate the Earth's atmosphere and surface. Most primary cosmic rays (those that enter the atmosphere from deep space) are composed of familiar stable subatomic particles that normally occur on Earth, such as protons, atomic nuclei, or electrons. However, a very small fraction are stable particles of antimatter, such as positrons or antiprotons, and the precise nature of this remaining fraction is an area of active research.

[Frequency Band Designation]

Figure: from Agilent application note

[Atmospheric Transmission]

Earth-to-space path:

Ionospheric reflection block waves with λ > 30cm.

Figure: The zenith atmospheric opacity for a typical summer night at Green Bank. τ = opacity, power transmission = e^-τ

Attenuation at different weather conditions.

f < 3 Hz: magnetotelluric sensing of the earth's surface

ELF (3-30 Hz): detection of buried metal objects

Exteremely low frequency: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extremely_low_frequency

20 Hz: pipeline inspection gauge

SLF (30-300 Hz): ionospheric sensing, electric power distribution, submarine communication

Super low frequency: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super-low_frequency

50-60 Hz: electric power grids

76 Hz: submarine communication (US 'Seafarer')

82 Hz: submarine communication (Russia 'ZEVS')

ULF (300-3000 Hz): audio signal on telephone

Ultra low frequency: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultra-low_frequency

600-3000 MHz: through-the-earth mine communication

VLF (3-30 kHz): navigation and position location, time broadcast, secure military communication with submarines (10-40 m penetration in saltwater)

Very low freqeuncy: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Very_low_frequency

Radio waves below 22 kHz: http://www.vlf.it/

9-14 kHz: radio navigation (US)

10-13 kHz: Omega radio navigation system

14-19.95 kHz: fixed terrestrial communication, marine mobile communication

19.95-20.25 kHz: standard frequency and time broadcast

20.25-30 kHz: fixed terrestrial communication, marine mobile communication

LF (30-300 kHz): radio beacons, weather broadcast for air navitation, LW AM broadcasting

Low frequency: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low_frequency

153-279 kHz: long wave (LW) AM broadcast

30-70 kHz: fixed terrestrial communication, marine mobile communication

70-72 kHz: radio navigation

72-84 kHz: fixed terrestrial communication, marine mobile communication

70-80 kHz: fixed terrestrial communication, marine mobile communication, radio locationing (US)

70-130 kHz: radio navigation (Decca)

90-110 kHz: radio navigation (US)

100 kHz: radio navigaiton (Loran-C)

110-130 kHz: fixed terrestrial communication, marine mobile communication, radio locationing (US)

130-160 kHz: fixed terrestrial communication, marine mobile communication

160-190 kHz: fixed terrestrial communication, marine mobile communication

190-200 kHz: airborne radio navigation

200-275 kHz: airborne mobile communication, airborne radio navigation

275-285 kHz: airborne mobile communication, airborne radio navigation, aeronautical radio beacon

285-300 kHz: aeronautical radio beacon, marine radio beacon

MF (0.3-3 MHz): MW AM broadcasting, radio beacon, radio navigation, airborne mobile communication

531-1620 kHz: medium wave (MW) AM broadcast

2.310-2.582 MHz: short wave (SW) AM broadcast

300-325 kHz: aeronautical radio beacon, marine radio beacon

325-335 kHz: aeronautical radio beacon, marine radio beacon, airborne mobile communication

335-405 kHz: aeronautical radio beacon, airborne mobile communication

405-415 kHz: radio navigation, airborne mobile communication

435-495 kHz: radio navigation, marile mobile communication

495-505 kHz: disaster-rescue communication

505-510 kHz: marine mobile communication

515-525 kHz: aeronautical radio beacon, ship mobile communication

525-535 kHz: land mobile communication, aeronautical radio beacon

1605-1615 kHz: radio broadcasting, fixed terrestrial communication

1615-1625 kHz: radio location, broadcasting 

HF (3-30 MHz): SW AM broadcasting, ISM, amateur radio

13.56MHz (±7kHz): scientific-medical band (Korea)

27.12MHz (±163kHz): industrial-scientific-medical band (Korea)

27 MHz: amateur radio citizen's band type I

VHF (30-300 MHz): TV broadcasting, FM broadcasting, mobile radio communication, air traffic control, military and police communication

30-37 MHz: military communication

37.02-37.42 MHz: police communication

VHF 40.010-41.990MHz                        군용(미국)

VHF 42.020-42.940MHz                        경찰(미국)

VHF 44.620-46.580MHz                        소방서(미국)

VHF 46.6-46.98MHz                             무선전화(한국)

VHF 46.610-47.000MHz                        군용(미국)

VHF 47.020-47.400MHz                        고속도로유지보수(미국)

VHF 47.420MHz                                    적십자(미국)

VHF 47.440-49.580MHz                         기간산업통신(미국)-전력, 수도, 산림, 원유 등

VHF 49.66-50.0MHz                              무선전화(한국)

VHF 49.610-49.990MHz 군용(미국)

VHF 50.000-54.000MHz 아마츄어무선(미국)

VHF 54.0072MHz VHF TV 채널 2-4

VHF 72.000-73.000MHz 무선호출, 전파천문학

VHF 76.000-78.000MHz VHF TV 채널 5-6

VHF 88.000-108.000MHz FM 라디오 방송

VHF 108-112MHz Instrument Landing System (ILS)

VHF 108-137MHz VHF 항공통신대역

VHF 136-138MHz 위성

VHF 139-174MHz 업무용 무전기, 250채널

VHF 136-150MHz OrbCom (저궤도위성 저속데이터 통신) ; 전세계

VHF 150MHz 앰뷸런스, 소방서, 경철, 산림청, 택시, 고속도로보수, 해사통신 (미국)

VHF 160.215-161.565MHz 철도

VHF 161.200-168.975MHz 무선호출 ; 한국 ; 채녈간격 25kHz, 전송속도 512/1200 bps

VHF 174-216MHz VHF TV 채널 7-13

VHF 216-223MHz 업무용 무전기, 250채널

UHF (0.3-3 GHz): TV broadcasting, radar, radio astronomy, microwave ovens, cellular telephone

SHF (3-30 GHz): radar, satellite communication, aircraft navigation, radio astronomy, remote sensing

EHF (30-300 GHz): radar, millimeter-wave communication, remote sensing, radio astronomy

UHF 220-400MHz UHF 항공통신대역; 25kHz 간격음성채널, 진폭변조만 사용

UHF 225-381MHz 군항공기통신(미국)

UHF 2353MHz 시각장애인용 전파유도 신호장치의 고정기 송신주파수 ; 한국 ; 97.4 PK산업-국민대 실용화

UHF 311.060MHz 자동차원격시동

UHF 322.000-326.600MHz 무선호출 ; 한국 ; 채널간격 25kHz, 전송속도 1200bps

UHF 323-327MHz 무선호출 ; 한국 ; 제1, 2 사업자

UHF 329-335MHz Instrument Landing System (ILS)

UHF 3585MHz 시각장애인용 전파유도 신호장치의 단말기 송신주파수 ; 한국 ; 97.4 PK산업-국민대 실용화

UHF 368-400MHz TRS(아날로그)

UHF 376.5-381.5MHz TRS단말기 송신 ; 한국 ; 채널간격 25kHz, 200채널

UHF 394.5-399.5MHz TRS중계국 송신 ; 한국 ; 채널간격 25kHz, 200채널

UHF 400-470MHz 업무용 무전기, 99 채널

UHF 406-408MHz 디지털데이터 전송(미국)

UHF 420-470MHz 공용주파수-아마추어, 수도, 전력, 전화보수, 택시, 의료, 경찰 등등(미국)

UHF 422-424MHz 간이 TRS, 158 채널

UHF 424MHz 생활무전기 2형

UHF 433MHz 업무용 무선통신 (간이무전기) 한국

UHF 440MHz 제2생활 무전기(98.4시행, 27채널, 0.5W, 2-3km 통화반경)

UHF 447MHz 자동차 원격시동 및 도난경보

UHF 470-752MHz TV UHF channels(한국)

UHF 470-806MHz UHF TV 채널 14-69

UHF 806-824MHz TRS uplink, 디지털 TRS

UHF 811-821MHz TRS단말국 송신 ; 채널간격 25kHz, 400채널

UHF 824-849MHz 이동전화 업링크(한국, 미국)

UHF 850-870MHz TRS(미국)

UHF 851-869MHz TRS downlink

UHF 869-894MHz 이동전화 다운링크(한국, 미국)

UHF 856-866MHz TRS중계국 송신 ; 채널간격 25kHz, 400채널

UHF 896-898(2MHz) 무선데이터 통신 기지국 송신 ; 채널간격 12.5kHz, 160채널

UHF 902-928MHz ISM(미국)

UHF 910-914(4MHz) 발신전용휴대전화(CT-2) ; 한국 ; 채널간격 100kHz, 40채널

UHF 914--915MHz CT-1(한국)

UHF 928.0125-932.0000MHz 국내공영라디오방송(미국)

UHF 936-938(2MHz) 무선데이터 통신 이동국 송신 ; 채널간격 12.5kHz, 160채널

UHF 938-940MHz 무선데이터통신(한국)

UHF 952.1-959.8MHz 사설마이크로파서비스(미국)

UHF 959-960MHz CT-1(한국)

UHF 959.8625-959.9875MHz Common Carrier Radio Service, 광역호출 (미국)

UHF 962-1213MHz DME (Distance Measuring Equipment ; Used for aircraft navigation)

UHF 962-1213MHz Tacan (Military navigational aid for aircraft)

UHF 1030MHz Secondary Surveillance Radar (SSR) - Air Traffic Control RADAR Beacon System, Uplink

UHF 1090MHz Secondary Surveillance Radar (SSR) - Air Traffic Control RADAR Beacon System, Downlink

UHF 1240-1300MHz 아마추어무선(미국)

UHF 1227MHz GPS (Military), GLONASS

UHF 1575MHz GPS (Civilian)

UHF 1750-1780MHz PCS이동국송신(한국) ; 1.75-1.76 한국통신프리텔, 1.76-1.77 한솔PCS, 1.77-1.78 LG텔레콤

UHF 1760-1850MHz Satellite Control Network

UHF 1840-1870MHz PCS이동국수신(한국) ; 1.84-1.85 한국통신프리텔, 1.85-1.86 한솔PCS, 1.86-1.87 LG텔레콤

UHF 1850-1910MHz PCS(미국)

UHF 1880-1900MHz DECT

UHF 1890-1930MHz Unlicensed PCS(미국)

UHF 1930-1990MHz PCS(미국)

UHF 2025-2150MHz Spaceflight Tracking and Data Network (STDN)

UHF 2200-2300MHz Satellite Control Network (SCN), Spaceflight Tracking and Data Network (STDN)

UHF 2300-2385MHz WLL ; 한국 ; 한국통신 2.30-2.31 송신, 2.37-2.38 수신, 데이콤 2.315-2.320 송신, 2.380-2.385 수신

UHF 2400-2483.5MHz SM(미국)

UHF 2450(±50MHz) ISM band(한국)

UHF 2535-2655(120MHz) 다채널다지점분배 서비스(MMDS), 유선방송(한국, 97.3 고시)

UHF 2700-2900MHz Airport Surveillance Radar

SHF 3.3-3.5GHz 아마추어무선(미국)

SHF 4.2GHz Navigational Radio Altimeter

SHF 5.031-5.091GHz Microwave Landing System

SHF 5.75-5.825GHz ISM(미국)

SHF 5.8GHz RF-ID

SHF 5.8(±75MHz) ISM band(한국)

SHF 5.925-6.875GHz Common Carrier and Fixed SAT(미국)

7.111-7.425 GHz: microwave relay

SHF 8.8000GHz Airborne Doppler Radar(미국)

SHF 9.000-9.160GHz Airport Precision Approach Radar

SHF 10.0-10.5GHz 아마추어무선(미국)

10.525 GHz: X-band police radar speed gun

SHF 11.70-12.00GHz DBS(한국)

SHF 14.50-14.80GHz DBS(한국)

SHF 24.00-24.25GHz 아마추어(미국)

SHF 24.125(±125MHz) ISM band(한국)

24.050-24.250 GHz: K-band police radar speed gun

34.200-34.400 GHz: police radar (photoradar)

SHF 24.125GHz 경찰차량속도계(미국)

SHF 24.25-24.75GHz 가입자회선 상향(한국, 97.3 고시)

SHF 25.50-27.50GHz 가입자회선 하향(한국, 97.3 고시)

SHF 26GHz대역 WLL

SHF 26.7-27.5(800MHz) 지역다지점분배 서비시(LMDS), 유선방송(한국, 97.3 고시)

SHF 27.5-28.35GHz LMDS (미국)

SHF 28GHz대역 무선CATV(한국)

EHF 30.0-31.0GHz 고정위성, 이동위성, Standard Frequency and True Signal Satellite (미국)

EHF 31.0-31.3GHz LMDS (미국), 이동통신(미국), Standard Frequency and True Signal Satellite (미국)

EHF 31.3-31.8GHz 전파천문학, 우주연구(수동), 지구탐사(수동)(미국)

EHF 31.8-32.0GHz 전파항행(미국)

EHF 32.0-33.0GHz 전파항행, 위성간통신(미국)

EHF 33.0-33.4GHz 전파항행(미국)

EHF 33.4-36.0GHz Radiolocation(미국)

EHF 34.2-34.5GHz 경찰차량속도계(미국)

EHF 36.0-37.0GHz 고정/이동통신, 우주연구(수동), 지구탐사(수동)(미국)

EHF 36.500-37.678GHz 국간중계회선 송신용(한국, 97.3 고시)

EHF 37.0-38.6GHz 이동/고정통신

EHF 37.818-38.966GHz 국간중계회선 수신용(한국, 97.3 고시)

EHF 38.6-39.5GHz 이동/고정통신, 고정위성통신(미국)

EHF 39.5-40.0GHz 이동/고정통신, 이동/고정위성통신(미국)

EHF 40.0-40.5GHz 이동/고정위성통신(미국)

EHF 40GHz대역 무선CATV(한국)

EHF 40.5-42.5GHz 이동/고정통신, 방송, 방송위성(미국)

EHF 40.68(±20MHz) ISM band(한국)

EHF 42.5-43.5GHz 고정/이동통신, 전파천문학, 고정위성통신(미국)

EHF 43.5-45.5GHz 고정/이동위성통신(미국)

EHF 45.5-47.0GHz 전파항행, 전파항행위성, 이동통신, 이동위성(미국)

EHF 47.0-47.2GHz 아마추어, 아마추어위성(미국)

EHF 47.2-50.2 GHz 이동/고정통신, 고정위성통신(미국)

EHF 48.0-50.0GHz 아마추어무선(미국)

EHF 50.2-50.4GHz 이동/고정통신, 우주연구, 지구탐사(미국)

EHF 50.4-51.4GHz 고정/이동통신, 고정/이동위성통신(미국)

EHF 51.4-54.25GHz 전파천문학, 우주연구(수동), 지구탐사(수동)(미국)

EHF 54.25-58.20GHz 고정/이동통신, 우주연구(수동), 지구탐사(수동), 위성간통신(미국)

EHF 58.2-59.0GHz 전파천문학, 우주연구(수동), 지구탐사(수동)(미국)

EHF 55GHz대역 국간중계회선(한국)

EHF 59.0-64.0GHz 고정/이동통신, Radiolocation, 위성간통신(미국)

EHF 60GHz대역 WLL(한국)

EHF 64.0-65.0GHz 전파천문학, 우주연구(수동), 지구탐사(수동)(미국)

EHF 65.0-66.0GHz 고정/이동통신, 우주연구, 지구탐사(미국)

EHF 66.0-71.0GHz Radionavigaion Sat, 이동통신, 이동위성통신, Radionavigation(미국)

EHF 71.0-76.0GHz 아마추어무선(미국)

EHF 71.0-72.77GHz 이동/고정통신, 이동/고정위성통신(미국)

EHF 72.77-72.91GHz 전파천문학, 이동/고정통신, 이동/고정위성통신(미국)

EHF 72.91-74.00GHz 이동/고정통신, 이동/고정위성통신(미국)

EHF 74.0-74.5GHz 이동/고정통신, 고정위성통신(미국)

EHF 165.0-170.0GHz 아마추어무선(미국)

EHF 240.0-250.0GHz 아마추어무선(미국)

SEHF 275-300GHz 분배하지 않음.